North Korea's Kim Jong-un and Russia's Vladimir Putin have pledged to boost ties at their first ever summit.
The pair shook hands on Russky Island near the port city of Vladivostok, in Russia's far east.
The Kremlin said the leaders would discuss denuclearisation, but Mr Kim is also expected to be seeking support after talks with the US collapsed.
The talks in Hanoi with US President Donald Trump failed to reach a deal on North Korea's nuclear programme.
At their opening remarks the Russian and North Korean leaders referred to their two countries' long history of ties and Mr Putin said he wanted to help calm Korean tensions.
"I am confident your visit today to Russia will help us to better understand how we can resolve the situation on the Korean peninsula and what Russia can do to support the positive processes currently taking place," Mr Putin said.
Mr Kim said he hoped for "a very useful meeting in developing the relationship between the two countries, who have a long friendship and history, into a more stable and sound one".
The North Korean leader greeted Russian officials warmly when he arrived on Wednesday.
Mr Kim was entertained by a brass band before he got inside a car flanked by bodyguards, who - in now familiar scenes - jogged alongside the vehicle as it departed.
What do we know about the summit?
According to the Russian presidential spokesman Dmitry Peskov, the Kremlin believes the six-party talks on North Korea, which are currently stalled, are the only efficient way of addressing the issue of nuclear weapons on the peninsula.
Those talks, which began in 2003, involve the two Koreas as well as China, Japan, Russia and the US.
"There are no other efficient international mechanisms at the moment," Mr Peskov told reporters on Wednesday.
"But, on the other hand, efforts are being made by other countries. Here all efforts merit support as long as they really aim at de-nuclearisation and resolving the problem of the two Koreas."